Super Venecaval Syndrome

By Dr Deepu
Images
Definition
History
Pathophysiology
Presentation and Findings
Causes
Diagnostic Workup
Management

Presentation

Early in the clinical course of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS), partial obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC) may be asymptomatic, but more often, minor symptoms and signs are overlooked.

As the syndrome advances toward total SVC obstruction, the classic symptoms and signs become more obvious.

 Dyspnea is the most common symptom, observed in 63% of patients with SVCS.

Facial swelling, head fullness, cough, arm swelling, chest pain, dysphagia, orthopnea, distorted vision, hoarseness, stridor, headache, nasal stuffiness, nausea, pleural effusions, and light-headedness can be seen.

Findings

The characteristic physical findings of SVCS include venous distention of the neck and chest wall, facial edema, upper extremity edema, mental changes, plethora, cyanosis, papilledema, stupor, and even coma. Bending forward or lying down may aggravate the symptoms and signs.

Causes